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Objective To analyze the differential expression of D2 and D3 alternative splicing sites of human kinectin in human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) tissues, adjacent non-cancerous tissues and normal liver tissues, and to investigate a possible relationship between alternative splicing sites of kinectin and hepatocarcinogenesis. Methods The cDNA was obtained by RT-PCR in 45 coupled HCC cancerous and adjacent tissues, and 10 normal liver tissues. The difference in the expression of D2 and D3 alternative splicing sites in cDNA was examined by semi-quantitative PCR, and statistical analysis was performed. Results The ratio of D2L (long segment contains of the D2 region)/D2S (short segment that does not contain a D2 zone) in hepatocellular cancerous tissues was 2.709 ± 1.025, the ratio of D2L/D2S in adjacent non-cancerous tissues was 1.564 ± 0.357, and the ratio of D2L/D2S in normal liver tissues was 1.507 ± 0.499. The differences were statistically significant (F=29.698, P 0.05). Conclusion Variant containing D2 is over expressed in cancerous tissues and this alteration may be tumor associated.
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Objective To observe the correlation of estrogen,fasting insulin(FINS),fasting plasma glucose (FPG),glycosylated hemoglobin(HbA1c),blood lipids and carotid arteries -membrane thickening(IMT)in the postmenopausal women with type 2 diabetes.Methods 63 postmenopausal women with type 2 diabetes were divided into normal IMT group(group A),IMT thickening group(group B),plaque group(group C)according to the vascular ultrasound carotid artery intima thickness,at the same time 15 cases of healthy physical examination as control group (group D).All of the groups were detected the plasma total cholesterol(TC),high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C),low density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-C),fasting insulin(FINS),fasting plasma glucose(FPG),gly-cosylated hemoglobin(HbA1c),follicle-stimulating hormone(FSH),estradiol(E2).Results Compared with group A,the levels of FINS,IR,HbA1c,TC,LDL-C in group C was higher(t=16.83,14.44,2.50,2.38,2.42,all P<0.01 or P<0.05),however,the results of E2,HDL-C was decreased(t=7.32,5.51,all P<0.01).The levels of FINS,HbA1c,TC,LDL-C,FSH,IR in group D was lower than those of group C(t=19.74,36.44,8.64,7.95, 27.13,6.71,all P<0.01),On the contrast,the levels of HDL-C,E2 were elevated(t=11.34,8.72,all P<0.01). The Pearson's correlation analysis showed that E2 had negative correlation with FINS,IR,TC,LDL-C (P<0.01 or P<0.05).E2 had positive correlation with HDL-C(P<0.05).Logistic regression analysis showed that IMT and FINS,IR,HbA1c,LDL-C were positively correlated(OR=2.94,72.63,27.30,98.18,all P<0.01),while nega-tively correlated with E2 levels(OR=2.94,P<0.01).Conclusion The increased level of estrogen was a protective factor of carotid artery atherosclerosis in postmenopausal women with type 2 diabetes.
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Alzheimer's disease is a common neurodegenerative disease. One of the main pathology is neurofibrillary tangles in neurons, in which principal component is the phosphorylation of tau protein. Previous studies focused on senile plaques and Aβlevels. Recent studies indicated that the development of tau protein closely associated with Alzheimer's disease, especially the abnormal phosphorylation. This pa-per reviewed the relationship between tau protein phosphorylation and Alzheimer's disease based on the perspective of protein kinases and phosphatases.
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Formative evaluation is a medical education evaluation form used to correct its own track in the course of activities so as to get better effect. In the medical education, it can significantly improve the medical students' ability such as active learning ability, relearning ability, ability to master and apply know l edge, ability of scientific thinking and debating, ability of innovation and analysis, ability of association and communication, and so on.
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BACKGROUND:Thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor is an autoantigen shared by thyroid follicuar cells and ocular orbital tissues,and cytokines plays an important role on the pathogenesis of Graves ophthalmopathy(GO) . It is still a puzzle that the relation of cytokines and thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor in the pathogenesis of GO. OBJECTIVE:To study the influence of various cytokines on the expression of thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor in the process of adipogenesis of in vitro cultured orbital adipose cells in GO patients. DESIGN,TIME AND SETTING:A single sample observation was carried out in the Central Laboratory,Department of Ophthalmology,Sun Yat-sen University(Guangzhou,Guangdong,Province) from September 2003 to March 2004. MATERIALS:Orbital adipose cells were obtained from eight serious GO patients undergoing orbital decompression. Recombinant human interleukin 2(IL-2) ,IL-4,IL-6,IL-10,and interferon ?(IFN-?) were purchased from PEORO TECH EC Company. METHODS:Orbital adipose cells were cultured and treated by groups. IL-2,IL-4,IL-6,IL-10 and IFN-? was added to the culture media in the experimental group,while no any cytokine was given in the untreated group,and orbital adipose cells were primarily cultured in the control group. The cells were all collected twelve days later. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES:The expression of thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor was examined with reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction,and the content of cyclic adenosine monophosphate was measured with simultaneous radioimmunoassay. The quantitation of adipose in cells was detected by staining intracytoplasmic lipids with oil red O. RESULTS:The expression of thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor was significantly higher in cells treated with IL-2,IL-4,IL-6 and IL-10 than that in the untreated cells and in the cells treated with IFN-?. Treatment of GO orbital adipose cells with IL-2,IL-4,IL-6 and IL-10 during differentiation resulted in significantly greater cyclic adenosine monophosphate production by different degrees. The highest production achieved in the treatment with IL-6,which was two times as many as control group. The cyclic adenosine monophosphate production was significantly lower in the cells treated with IFN-? than in the untreated cells. CONCLUSION:IL-6,IL-4 and IL-10 can upregulate the expression of thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor in the orbital adipose cells of GO patients,and stimulate adipose differentiation. Conversely,IFN-? can restrain this process.
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OBJECTIVE:To establish a HPLC method for the determination of yohimbine in corynanthe yohimbe K.schum.METHODS:The analysis was performed on C18 column with column under room temperature.The mobile phase consisted of methanol-phosphoric acid buffer-triethylamine(30∶ 70∶ 0.5,pH5.0)with a flow rate of 1.0mL? min-1.The wavelength was set at 270nm.RESULTS:There was a good linear relationship when the sample size of yohimbine was over a range of 10～ 1 000? g? mL-1(r=0.999 8),with recovery at 96.5% and precision at 1.23%.CONCLUSION:This method was simple and reliable,and suitable for the determination of content of yohimbine.